Which action is considered an effect of family violence on victims?

The correct choice highlights the impact of family violence on victims, specifically the development of symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and similar conditions. Experiencing family violence can lead to significant psychological trauma, manifesting in various emotional and mental health issues. Victims may relive their traumatic experiences through flashbacks, nightmares, or severe anxiety, which are common indicators of PTSD.

Recognizing PTSD as a potential effect emphasizes the serious and often long-lasting psychological ramifications of family violence, underscoring the importance of providing support and appropriate mental health interventions for those affected. This understanding is critical in both law enforcement and social services, as it informs how professionals address and assist victims, promoting trauma-informed care and resources.

Other options suggest ways in which victims might cope or adapt following violence. While building resilience, seeking community support, or expressing creativity can occur, they are not direct effects of the trauma itself but rather potential responses or coping mechanisms that vary widely among individuals influenced by their personal circumstances and support systems.